| 1933 |
| January
30 |
Adolf
Hitler appointed Chancellor of Germany |
| March
22 |
Dachau
concentration camp opens |
| April
1 |
Boycott
of Jewish shops and businesses |
| April
7 |
Laws
for Re-establishment of the Civil Service barred Jews from holding
civil service, university, and state positions |
| May
10 |
Public
burnings of books written by Jews, political dissidents, and
others not approved by the state |
| July
14 |
Law
stripping East European Jewish immigrants of German citizenship |
| 1935 |
| September
15 |
“Nuremberg
Laws”: Anti-Jewish racial laws enacted; Jews no longer considered
German citizens; Jews could not marry Aryans; nor could they
fly the German flag |
| November
15 |
Germany
defines a “Jew”: Anyone with three Jewish grandparents; someone
with two Jewish grandparents who identifies as a Jew |
| 1936 |
| March
3 |
Jewish
doctors barred from practicing medicine in German institutions |
| July |
Sachsenhausen
concentration camp opens |
| 1937 |
| July
15 |
Buchenwald
concentration camp opens |
| 1938 |
| March
13 |
Anschluss
(incorporation of Austria): All anti-Semitic decrees immediately
applied in Austria |
| April
26 |
Mandatory
registration of all property held by Jews inside the Reich |
| August
1 |
Adolf
Eichmann establishes the Office of Jewish Emigration in Vienna
to increase the pace of forced emigration |
| September
30 |
Munich
Conference: Great Britain and France agree to German occupation
of the Sudentenland, previously western Czechoslovakia |
| October
5 |
Following
request by Swiss authorities, Germans mark all Jewish passports
with a large letter “J” to restrict Jews from immigrating to
Switzerland |
| November
9-10 |
Kristallnacht
(Night of Broken Glass): Anti-Jewish program in Germany, Austria,
and the Sudetenland; 200 synagogues destroyed; 7,500 Jewish
shops looted; 30,000 male Jews sent to concentration camps (Dachau,
Buchenwald, Sachsenhausen) |
| November
12 |
Decree
forcing all Jews to transfer retail businesses to Aryan hands |
| November
15 |
All
Jewish pupils expelled from German schools |
| December
12 |
One
billion mark fine levied against German Jews for the destruction
of property during Kristallnacht |
| 1939 |
| March
15 |
Germans
occupy Czechoslovakia |
| September
1 |
Beginning
of World War II: Germany invades Poland |
| October
28 |
First
Polish ghetto established in Piotrkow |
| November
23 |
Jews
in German-occupied Poland forced to wear an arm band or yellow
star |
| 1940 |
| April
9 |
Germans
occupy Denmark and southern Norway |
| May
7 |
Establishment
of Lodz Ghetto |
| May
10 |
Germany
invades the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxemberg, and France |
| May
20 |
Concentration
camp established at Auschwitz |
| November
16 |
Establishment
of Warsaw Ghetto |
| 1941 |
| January
21-26 |
Anti-Jewish
riots in Romania, hundreds of Jews murdered |
| April
6 |
Germany
attacks Yugoslavia and Greece, occupation follows |
| June
22 |
Germany
invades the Soviet Union |
| September
28-29 |
34,000
Jews massacred by Einsatzgruppen at Babi Yar outside Kiev |
| October |
Establishment
of Auschwitz II (Birkenau) |
| December
8 |
Chelmno
death camp begins operations |
| 1942 |
| January
20 |
Wannsee
Conference in Berlin: Plan is developed for “Final Solution” |
| March
17 |
Gassing
of Jews begins in Belzec |
| May |
Gassing
of Jews begins Sobibor |
| June |
Jewish
partisan units established in the forests of Byelorussia and
the Baltic states |
| Summer |
Deportation
of Jews to killing centers from Belgium, Croatia, France, the
Netherlands, and Poland; armed resistance by Jews in ghettos
of Kletzk, Kremenets, Lachva, Mir, and Tuchin |
| Winter |
Deportation
of Jews from Germany, Greece and Norway to killing centers;
Jewish partisan movement organized in forests near Lublin |
| 1943 |
| March |
Liquidation
of Krakow ghetto |
| April
19 |
Warsaw
Ghetto revolt begins |
| Summer |
Armed
resistance by Jews in Bedzin, Bialystok, Czestochowa, Lvov,
and Tarnow ghettos |
| Fall |
Liquidation
of large ghettos in Minsk, Vilna, and Riga |
| October
14 |
Uprising
in Sobibor |
| October-November |
Rescue
of the Danish Jewry |
| 1944 |
| March
19 |
Germany
occupies Hungary |
| May
15 |
Nazis
begin deporting Hungarian Jews |
| July
24 |
Russians
liberate Majdanek |
| October
7 |
Revolt
by inmates at Auschwitz; one crematorium blown up |
| November |
Last
Jews deported from Terezin to Auschwitz |
| 1945 |
| January
17 |
Evacuation
of Auschwitz; beginning of death marches |
| January
27 |
Beginning
of death march for inmates of Stutthof |
| April
6-10 |
Death
march of inmates of Buchenwald |
| April
15 |
Liberation of Bergen Belsen by British Army |
| April |
Liberation
of Nordhausen, Ohrdruf, Gunskirchen, Ebensee and Dachau by American
Army |
| May
5 |
Liberation
of Mauthausen and Gusen by American Army |
